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1991-05-22
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THE HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING ACT OF 1991
(H.R. 656 - as reported by House Science Committee May 7, 1991)
Section 1. Short Title.
This act may be cited as the "High Performance Computing Act of
1991."
Section 2. Findings and Purpose.
(a) Findings. The Congress finds the following:
(1) Advances in computer science and technology are
vital to the nation's prosperity, national and economic security, and
scientific advancement.
(2) The United States currently leads the world in the
development and use of high-performance computing for national security,
industrial productivity, and science and engineering, but that
lead is being challenged by foreign competitors.
(3) Further research and development, expanded educational
programs, improved computer research networks, and more effective
technology transfer from government to industry are necessary for the
United States to fully reap the benefits of high-performance computing.
(4) Several Federal agencies have ongoing high-performance
computing programs, but long-term interagency coordination,
cooperation, and planning could enhance the effectiveness of these
programs.
(5) A 1989 report entitled "The Federal High-Performance
Computing Program" and a 1991 report entitled "Grand Challenges: High-
Performance Computing and Communications" by the Office of Science
and Technology Policy outlining a research and development strategy
for high-performance computing provides a framework for a
multiagency high-performance computing program.
(6) Such a program would provide American researchers and
educators with the computer and information resources they need,
while demonstrating how advanced computers, high-speed networks,
and electronic data bases can improve the national information
infrastructure for use by all Americans.
(b) Purpose. It is the purpose of Congress in this Act to help ensure
the continued leadership of the United States in high-performance
computing and its applications through - -
(1) the expansion of Federal support for research,
development, and application of high-performance computing in order to
(A) establish a high-capacity national research
and education computer network;
(B) expand the number of researchers, educators,
and students with training in high-performance computing and
access to high-performance computing resources;
(C) promote the further development of an information
infrastructure of data bases, services, access mechanisms, and
research facilities which is available for use through such a national
network;
(D) stimulate research on software technology;
(E) promote the more rapid development and wider
distribution of computer software tools and applications software;
(F) accelerate the development of high-performance
computing systems and subsystems;
(G) ensure that emerging high-performance computing
systems and software technologies are available to researchers for
the application to Grand Challenges;
(H) promote the inclusion of high performance
computing into educational institutions at all levels;
(I) ensure that appropriate security controls
are implemented; and
(J) encourage cooperative programs between
industry and high-performance computing centers to enhance
industrial competitiveness; and
(2) the improvement of planning and coordination of Federal
research and development of high-performance computing.
Section 3 - Definitions.
As used in this Act, the term --
(1) "Director" means the Director of the Office of Science and
Technology Policy.
(2) "Grand Challenge" means a fundamental problem in science or
engineering, with broad economic and scientific impact, whose solution
will require the application of high-performance computing resources;
(3) "high performance computing systems" means --
(A) current and new generations of scientific workstations;
(B) vector supercomputer systems;
(C) special purpose and experimental computing systems; and
(D) large scale parallel systems, developed in the private
or public sector; and
(4) "Network" means the National Research and Education Network
established under section 6.
Section 4 - Miscellaneous Provisions.
(a) Nonapplicability. Except to the extent the appropriate Federal
agency or department head determines, the provisions of this Act shall
not apply to --
(1) programs or activities regarding computer systems
that process classified information; or
(2) computer systems the function, operation, or use of
which are those delineated in paragraphs (1) through (5) of section
2315(a) of Title 10, United States Code.
(b) Acquisition of Prototype and Early Production Models. As
part of the Program described in section 5, and in accordance with
Federal contracting law, Federal agencies and departments
participating in the Program may purchase or lease prototype or early
production models of new high-performance computing systems and
subsystems to stimulate hardware and software development. Items of
computing equipment acquired under this subsection shall be
considered research computers for purposes of applicable acquisition
regulations.
Section 5 - National High-Performance Computing Program.
(a) National High-Performance Computing Program. --
(1) The President shall implement a National High-Performance
Computing Program (hereafter in this Act referred to as the "Program").
(2) The Director shall --
(A) submit to the Congress an annual report, describing
the implementation of the Program;
(B) provide for interagency coordination of the
implementation of the Program;
(C) review, prior to the President's
submission to the Congress of the annual budget estimate, each agency
and departmental budget estimate in the context of the Program and
make the results of that review available to the appropriate
elements of the Executive Office of the President, particularly
the Office of Management and Budget; and
(D) consult with academic, State, industry, and
other appropriate groups conducting research on and
using high-performance computing.
(3) The annual report submitted under paragraph (2)(A) shall --
(A) describe the goals and priorities for the program;
(B) set forth the relevant programs and activities,
for the fiscal year with respect to which the budget submission
applies, of each Federal agency and department, including --
(i) the National Science Foundation;
(ii) the Department of Commerce, particularly
the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration;
(iii) the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration;
(iv) the Department of Defense, particularly
the Defense Advance Research Projects Agency;
(v) the Department of Energy;
(vi) the Department of Health and Human
Services, particularly the National Institutes of Health and the
National Library of Medicine;
(vii) the Environmental Protection Agency; and
(viii) such other agencies and departments
as the President or Director considers appropriate;
(C) describe the levels of Federal funding for the
fiscal year during which such report is submitted, and the levels
proposed for the fiscal year with respect to which the budget
submission applies, for specific activities, including education,
research activities, hardware and software development, and
support for the establishment of the Network;
(D) describe the levels of Federal funding for each
agency and department participating in the Program for the fiscal year
during which such report is submitted, and the levels proposed for the
fiscal year with respect to which the budget submission applies; and
(E) include an analysis of the progress made toward
achieving the goals and priorities established for the Program.
(4) The Program shall address the security requirements,
policies and standards issued by the Secretary of Commerce necessary
to protect national research computer networks and information
resources accessible through national research computer networks,
including research required to establish security standards for high-
performance computing systems and networks. Agencies and
departments identified in the annual report submitted under paragraph
(2)(A) shall define and implement a security plan consistent with the
Program and with applicable law.
(5) The Program shall --
(A) provide for the establishment of policies for
management and access to the Network;
(B) provide for oversight of the operation and
evolution of the Network; and
(C) ensure the connectivity among computer networks
of Federal agencies and departments.
(b) High-Performance Computing Advisory Panel. The Director
shall establish a High-Performance Computing Advisory Panel
consisting of non-Federal members, including representatives of the
research, education, and library communities, network providers, and
industry, who are specially qualified to provide the Director with
advice and information on high-performance computing. The Director
shall consider the recommendations of the Panel in reviewing and
revising the Program. The Panel shall provide the Director with an
independent assessment of --
(1) progress made in implementing the Program;
(2) the need to revise the Program;
(3) the balance between the components of the Program;
(4) whether the research and development funded under
the Program is helping to maintain United States leadership
in computing technology; and
(5) other issues identified by the Director.
(d) Office of Management and Budget. --
(1) Each appropriate Federal agency and department involved
in high-performance computing shall, as part of its annual request for
appropriations to the Office of Management and Budget, submit a report
to the Office identifying each element of its high-performance
computing activities, which --
(A) specifies whether each such element (i) contributes
primarily to the implementation of the Program, or (ii) contributes
primarily to the achievement of other objectives but aids Program
implementation in important ways; and
(B) states the portion of its request for
appropriations that is allocated to each such element.
(2) The Office of Management and Budget shall review each such
report in light of the goals, priorities, and agency and departmental
responsibilities set forth in the annual report submitted under section
(a)(2)(A), and shall include, in the President's annual budget estimate, a
statement of the portion of each appropriate agency or department's
annual budget estimate that is allocated to each element of such
agency or department's high-performance computing activities.
Section 6 - National Research and Education Network
(a) Establishment. As part of the Program described in section 5,
the Director [of OSTP] shall coordinate implementation of agency and
department activities supporting the broad deployment and use of a
national multi-gigabit-per-second research and education network, to
be known as the National Research and Education Network, which shall
link research institutions and educational institutions, government and
industry in every State. For purposes of this section, agency activities
may include research and development, development of network
applications important for research and education, and contracting for
services, but shall not include purchasing switches, optical fiber, or
any other networking hardware for purposes other than research and
development.
(b) Access. Federal agencies shall work with State and local
agencies, libraries, educational institutions and organizations, and
private network service providers as appropriate in order to ensure
that the researchers, educators, and students have access to the
Network. The Network shall provide users with appropriate access to
high-performance computing systems, computer data bases, other
research facilities, and libraries. The Network shall provide access, to
the extent practicable, to electronic information resources maintained
by libraries, research facilities, publishers, and affiliated
organizations.
(c) Network Characteristics. The Network shall -
(1) be developed jointly with the computer,
telecommunications, and information industries;
(2) be designed, developed, and operated in collaboration with
potential users in government, industry, and research institutions and
educational institutions;
(3) be designed, developed and operated in a manner which
fosters and maintains competition and private sector investment in
high speed data networking within the telecommunications industry;
(4) be designed, developed and operated in a manner which
promotes research and development leading to deployment of commercial
data communications and telecommunications standards, for
such purposes as encouraging the establishment of privately operated
high-speed commercial networks;
(5) be designed to ensure the continued application of laws
that provide network and information resources security measures that
protect copyright and intellectual property rights, or that control
access to data bases;
(6) have accounting mechanisms which allow users or groups of
users to be charged for their usage of copyrighted materials available
over the Network and, where appropriate and technically feasible, for
their usage of the Network;
(7) ensure the interoperability of agency and department
networks and regional private networks;
(8) be developed by purchasing standard commercial transmission
and network services from vendors whenever feasible;
(9) be developed by obtaining customized network services from
vendors when it is not feasible to obtain standard services or no such
standard services are available; and
(10) support research and development of networking software
and hardware.
(d) National Science Foundation Responsibility. Within the
Federal Government, the National Science Foundation shall be
responsible for managing the Network according to policies established
for the [High Performance Computing] Program under section 5(a)(5)(A).
(e) Information Services. The Director shall coordinate
implementation of the activities of appropriate agencies and
departments to promote the development of information services that
could be provided over the Network. These services may include the
provision of directories of users and services on computer networks,
data bases of unclassified Federal scientific data, training of users of
data bases and networks, access to commercial information services
for users of the Network, and technology to support computer-based
collaboration that allows researchers around the Nation to share
information and instrumentation.
(f) Use of Grant Funds. The National Science Foundation, the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of
Energy, the Department of Defense, the Department of Commerce, the
Department of the Interior, the Department of Agriculture, the
Department of Health and Human Services, and the Environmental
Protection Agency may allow recipients of Federal research grants to
use grant funds to pay for computer networking expenses associated
with the Program.
Section 7 - Role of the National Science Foundation
(a) General Responsibilities. As part of the Program described in
section 5, the National Science foundation shall provide computing and
networking infrastructure support for all science and engineering
disciplines, and support basic research and human resource
development in all aspects of high-performance computing and
advanced high-speed computer networking.
(b) Authorization of Appropriations. From sums otherwise
authorized to be appropriated, there are authorized to be appropriated
to the National Science Foundation for the purposes of this act
$213,000,000 for fiscal year 1992; $262,000,000 for fiscal year 1993;
$305,000,000 for fiscal year 1994; $354,000,000 for fiscal year 1995;
and $413,000,000 for fiscal year 1996.
Section 8 - Role of the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration
(a) General Responsibilities. As part of the Program described in
section 5, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration shall
conduct basic and applied research in high-performance computing,
particularly in the fields of computational aerosciences, earth and
space sciences, and remote exploration and experimentation.
(b) Authorization of Appropriations. From sums otherwise
authorized to be appropriated, there are authorized to be appropriated
to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for the purposes
of this Act $72,000,000 for fiscal year 1992; $107,000,000 for fiscal
year 1993; $134,000,000 for fiscal year 1994; $151,000,000 for fiscal
year 1995; and $145,000,000 for fiscal year 1996.
Section 9 - Role of the Department of Energy
(a) General Responsibilities. As part of the Program described in
section 5, the Department of Energy shall -
(1) perform technology development and systems evaluation
of high-performance computing systems;
(2) conduct computational research with emphasis on energy
applications;
(3) conduct gigabit network applications research and develop
related software tools; and
(4) support basic research and human resource development in
computational science.
(b) Authorization of Appropriations. From sums otherwise
authorized to be appropriated, there are authorized to be appropriated
to the department o Energy for the purposes of this Act $93,000,000
for fiscal year 1992; $110,000,000 for fiscal year 1993; $138,000,000
for fiscal year 1994; $157,000,000 for fiscal year 1995; and
$168,000,000 for fiscal year 1996.
Section 10 - Role of the Department of Commerce.
(a) General Responsibilities. As part of the Program described in
section 5 -
(1) the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall
conduct basic and applied measurement research needed to support
various high-performance computing systems and networks, and, in
consultation with other relevant agencies and private industry, may
adopt standards and guidelines, and develop measurement techniques
and test methods, for the interoperability of high-performance
computing systems in networks and for common user interfaces to
systems, and shall be responsible for developing benchmark tests and
standards for high-performance computing systems and software; and
(2) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
shall conduct basic and applied research in weather prediction and
ocean sciences, particularly in development of new forecast models, in
computational fluid dynamics, and in the incorporation of evolving
computer architectures and networks into the systems that carry out
agency missions.
(b) High-Performance Computing and Network Security. The
National Institute of Standards and Technology shall conduct research
needed to support the adoption of security standards for high-
performance computing systems and networks. In accomplishing this
objective, the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall
utilize whenever possible recognized centers of expertise that may
exist in the academic and national laboratory communities.
(c) Study of Impact of Regulations.
(1) The Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with the
Administrator of the Office of Federal Procurement Policy, shall
conduct a study to evaluate the impact of Federal procurement
regulations which require that contractors providing software to the
Federal Government share the rights to proprietary software
development tools that that contractors use to develop the software,
including a determination of whether such regulations discourage
development of improved software development tools and techniques.
(2) The Secretary of Commerce shall, within 1 year after
the date of enactment of this Act, report to the Congress regarding
the results of the study conducted under paragraph (1).
(d) Authorization of Appropriations. From sums otherwise
authorized to be appropriated, there are authorized to be appropriated -
(1) to the National Institute of Standards and Technology for
the purposes of this Act $3,000,000 for fiscal year 1992; $3,500,000
for fiscal year 1993; $4,000,000 for fiscal year 1994; $4,500,000 for
fiscal year 1995; and $5,000,00 for fiscal year 1996.
(2) to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for
the purposes of this Act $2,500,00 for fiscal year 1992; $3,000,000
for fiscal year 1993; $3,500,000 for fiscal year 1994; $4,000,000 for
fiscal year 1995; and $4,500,000 for fiscal year 1996.
Section 11 - Role of the Environmental Protection Agency
(a) General Responsibilities. As part of the Program described in
section 5, the Environmental Protection Agency shall conduct basic and
applied research directed toward the advancement and dissemination of
computational techniques and software tools which form the core of
ecosystem, atmospheric chemistry, and atmospheric dynamics models.
(b) Authorization of Appropriations. From sums otherwise
authorized to be appropriated, there are authorized to be appropriated
to the Environmental Protection Agency for the purposes of this Act
$5,000,000 for fiscal year 1992; $5,500,000 for fiscal year 1993;
$6,000,000 for fiscal year 1994; $6,500,000 for fiscal year 1995; and
47,000,000 for fiscal year 1996.